Curriculum needs to be responsive to gifted learners and address their differences through the overlapping dimensions of concepts, issues, and themes; process-product; and advanced content. These definitions describe important characteristics that are often associated with exemplary curriculum models in gifted education. Educators need to understand not only these curricular characteristics but also know which curriculum models are effective with gifted and talented learners. They need to apply theoretically-and research-based models of curriculum to ensure specific student outcomes.